Abstract
Water purification with Moringa oleifera seeds has received a lot of attention because it reduces water turbidity and pathogenic microorganisms. However, it is important to define the optimum conditions of storage to preserve the treated water quality. The study aims to investigate microbial quality of water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds or cake coagulants in relation to the storage temperature and shelf life in order to define the optimum conditions of storage. A total of 45 water samples from 3 water reservoirs of Loumbila, Ziga and Ouaga 3 dams were collected in sterile glass bottles and treated in triplicate with Moringa oleifera seeds or defatted cakes coagulants. Treated water samples obtained at optimum conditions were stored at room temperature (25˚C - 30˚C) and at 4˚C. Fecal bacteria pollution indicators (Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococcus) and parasites were monitored every 24 hours during three (3) days based on laboratory standard methods. Data were analyzed using the Student's t-test and XLSTAT 7.5.2 statistical software. From the results obtained, bacterial indicators increased significantly with storage temperature (p < 0.0001) and shelf life (p < 0.0001). However, for all water samples, bacterial growth was more important in samples treated with Moringa oleifera cakes than seeds (p < 0.0001). For water samples treated with Moringa oleifera seeds and stored at room temperature, bacterial increase after 72 hours was 57 - 80, 42 - 50 and 22 - 47 CFU/100 ml for fecal coliforms, E. coli and fecal * Corresponding author.
Highlights
Safe drinking water access for rural populations in developing countries remains a challenge for a sustainable development, in Burkina Faso, where despite appreciable efforts undertaken to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), some rivers and well waters continue to be used in rural and periurban areas for human consumption [1]-[3]
The effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seeds in drinking water purification has been shown in several studies [5]-[8]
The use of Moringa oleifera seeds in drinking water treatment showed some limits because of the increase of water organic matter in some cases [5] [9], which can lead to microbial proliferation during the storage [10]
Summary
Safe drinking water access for rural populations in developing countries remains a challenge for a sustainable development, in Burkina Faso, where despite appreciable efforts undertaken to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), some rivers and well waters continue to be used in rural and periurban areas for human consumption [1]-[3]. Because of commitments related to chemical treatment of drinking water at household, many studies have investigated the use of vegetable substances in water treatment. The effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seeds in drinking water purification has been shown in several studies [5]-[8]. The use of Moringa oleifera seeds in drinking water treatment showed some limits because of the increase of water organic matter in some cases [5] [9], which can lead to microbial proliferation during the storage [10]. Storage condition of drinking water is an important step in the preservation or degradation of water quality. We examined the microbiological quality of water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds or cake coagulants with regard to storage temperature and shelf life in order to define the optimum conditions of storage
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