Abstract
BackgroundImplants are a predictable and well-established treatment method in dentistry. Nevertheless, looking at possible failures of dental implants, early and late loss have to be distinguished. The intent of the study was to report microbiological findings on the surface of implants with severe peri-implantitis, which had to be explanted.Methods53 specimens of implants from 48 patients without severe general illnesses have been examined. The groups investigated were implants that had to be removed in the period of osseointegration (early loss, 13 patients with 14 implants) or after the healing period (late loss, 14 patients with 17 implants). The implant losses were compared with two control groups (implants with no bone loss directly after completed osseointegration, two to four months after implant placement (17 patients with 17 implants) and implants with no bone loss and prosthetic restoration for more than three years (5 patients with 5 implants)). Data about the bacteria located in the peri-implant sulcus was collected using amplification and high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsThe biofilm composition differed substantially between individuals. Both in early and late implant loss, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis were found to be abundant. Late lost implants showed higher bacterial diversity and in addition higher abundances of Treponema, Fretibacterium, Pseudoramibacter and Desulfobulbus, while microbial communities of early loss implants were very heterogeneous and showed no significantly more abundant bacterial taxa.ConclusionsSpecific peri-implant pathogens were found around implants that were lost after a primarily uneventful osseointegration. P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum frequently colonized the implant in early and late losses and could therefore be characteristic for implant loss in general. In general, early lost implants showed also lower microbial diversity than late losses. However, the microbial results were not indicative of the causes of early and late losses.
Highlights
Implants are a predictable and well-established treatment method in dentistry
Main focus of the study was a microbial comparison of findings on the surface of implants which got lost during the time of osseointegration and implant loss because of peri-implantitis
Composition of the peri‐implant microbiota Across all samples, 552 taxa were detected that occurred with an abundance of at least 1% in one or more samples
Summary
Implants are a predictable and well-established treatment method in dentistry. look‐ ing at possible failures of dental implants, early and late loss have to be distinguished. Implant loss takes place before prosthetic loading [7] In those cases, osseointegration is not successful, the implant is surrounded by connective tissue and can not be used to anchor the planned denture. If this soft tissue reaction is not controlled, the infection will lead to an inflammatory process of the peri-implant bone, resulting in bone resorption This plaque-associated bone loss is defined as peri-implantitis [9]. Several health conditions, such as periodontitis or diabetes and smoking, have been discussed as risk factors for peri-implantitis [8, 10, 11]
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