Microbiological and epidemiological review of Hantavirus: A Review

Hardi Marif,Kwestan Ali

doi:10.37940/ajvs.2021.14.1.1

Abstract

Hantaviruses are rodent viruses that have a world-wide distribution. Rodents and insectivores act as asymptomatic, chronic, persistently infected carrier hosts, whereas humans are dead end hosts and may exhibit symptoms after an incubation period of between one and six weeks. Hantaviruses infect humans and causing either hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Due to the absence of the treatment and approved vaccine in the USA, European and Asian countries, the public awareness and precautions are the only way of minimizing the risk of Hantavirus infection. This review provides a microbiological and epidemiological summary of the Hantavirus diseases in rodents and human beings. We concluded that the disease is a serious zoonotic disease the affect animals and humans and the mortality rate is really high. A wide range of different diagnostic tests play an important role in the diagnosis of the Hantavirus.

Highlights

Hantaviruses are negative-sense RNA viruses belong to the family Bunyaviridae [1]
The genus Hantavirus consists of multiple species, 21 species have been confirmed to cause clinical and symptomatic disease in humans [2]
Haemorrhagic Fever Renal Syndrome is Eurasian in origin and produces symptoms in a five stage clinical course

Summary

Introduction

Hantaviruses are negative-sense RNA viruses belong to the family Bunyaviridae [1]. The genus Hantavirus consists of multiple species, 21 species have been confirmed to cause clinical and symptomatic disease in humans [2]. Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome is found mainly in the United States (Figure 3) It can cause severe disease with cardiopulmonary symptoms and a mortality rate of up to 50% [4]. Haemorrhagic Fever Renal Syndrome is Eurasian in origin and produces symptoms in a five stage clinical course. Mortality with this syndrome is up to 12%. Old World Hantaviruses cause Hantavirus Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS), and New. 2-1. B. Biting by an infectious animals is considered a form of virus transmission to humans. Biting by an infectious animals is considered a form of virus transmission to humans This may happen rarely [6, 7]

2-2. Indirect transmission

Findings

Conclusion