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Abstract
This study aims to Integrate the biological and chemical characteristics of Nile river to evaluate the trophic and autotrophic state of the river. The use of biological indices especially phytoplankton as an indicator of pollution, and the relation between some chemical variables revealed that the Nile river has poor quality water and light pollution conditions. Regarding the bacteriological examination, the results showed seasonal fluctuation of the faecal indicator bacteria, new indicators of pollution and pathogenic bacteria with highly significant correlation between the faecal bacterial indicators. The use of total yeasts as indicators of pollution revealed significant negative correlation with classical bacterial indicators. The statistical analysis between some bacterial and chemical variables (algal groups and chlorophyll “a") indicated significant relation between each other. The variation of zooplankton counts in the four seasons was positively correlated with the chlorophyll “a” concentration, both zooplankton and chlorophyll “a” content peak in the winter. The virological examination showed only one sample which induced CPE in BGM cells, and the virus count was 12 plaque forming unit per liter (PFU/L).
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