Abstract
Phosphate nodules and megafossil moulds occur at the top of the Late Cretaceous Mishash Formation in southeastern Israel. Their palaeogeographic distribution, as well as the microstructure of the moulds and the nodules, suggests that the former represent rapid lithification of the infilling sediment by apatite-precipitating bacteria before the dissolution of the calcareous skeletons. The nodules, on the other hand, are partly lithified portions of microbial mats formed in a lagoonal environment, disrupted, rolled and embedded in granular phosphorite. Carbonate replacement by apatite does not seem to be involved in the formation of this pebbly phosphate.
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