Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are widely used in cosmetics, health care and clinical treatments of thrombosis, osteoarthritis and cancer. Commercial GAGs largely depend on extraction from animal tissues. However, the products have poor homogeneity and carry potential pathogenic factors. Synthetic biology strategies for production GAGs and its oligosaccharides can avoid the above problems, and achieve precise control of the sulfation degree and molecular weights of GAG. With the development of genomics and synthetic biology, the biosynthesis pathways of hyaluronan, chondroitin, heparin, chondroitin sulfate and heparin have been elucidated, and many genetic operation systems for platform strains have also been continuously improved. Construction of microbial cell factories for producing GAGs has been considered as main development trends. This review summarized and discussed the recent biological strategies for the production of GAGs and their oligosaccharides, and provided new ideas for near future studies.
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