Abstract
There is still a lack of understanding of H2S formation in agricultural waste, which leads to poor odour prevention and control. Microbial sulfate reduction is a major process contributing to sulfide formation in natural and technogenic environments with high sulfate and low oxygen concentration. Agricultural waste can be considered a low-sulfate system with no obvious input of oxidised sulfur compounds. The purpose of this study was to characterise a microbial community participating in H2S production and estimate the microbial sulfate reduction rate (SRR) in manure slurry from a large-scale swine finishing facility in Western Siberia. In a series of manure slurry microcosms, we identified bacterial consortia by 16S rRNA gene profiling and metagenomic analysis and revealed that sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio were key players responsible for H2S production. The SRR measured with radioactive sulfate in manure slurry was high and comprised 7.25 nmol S cm−3 day−1. Gypsum may be used as a solid-phase electron acceptor for sulfate reduction. Another plausible source of sulfate is a swine diet, which often contains supplements in the form of sulfates, including lysine sulfate. Low-sulfur diet, manure treatment with iron salts, and avoiding gypsum bedding are possible ways to mitigate H2S emissions from swine manure.
Highlights
There is still a lack of understanding of H2S formation in agricultural waste, which leads to poor odour prevention and control
We identified bacterial consortia by 16S rRNA gene profiling and metagenomic analysis, measured sulfate reduction rate with radioactive tracer in manure slurry, isolated and studied sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) responsible for H 2S production
The cumulative manure slurry from the facility pumped to a manure storage lagoon (N56° 58′, E85° 14′; Tom3), which connected by a pipe system with a larger solid–liquid separation lagoon (N56° 57′, E85° 14′; Tom1) of a total volume around 1.5 billion m3 (Fig. 1)
Summary
There is still a lack of understanding of H2S formation in agricultural waste, which leads to poor odour prevention and control. Microbial sulfate reduction is a major process contributing to sulfide formation in natural and technogenic environments with high sulfate and low oxygen concentration. The purpose of this study was to characterise a microbial community participating in H2S production and estimate the microbial sulfate reduction rate (SRR) in manure slurry from a large-scale swine finishing facility in Western Siberia. The acrid odour of swine manure is a well-known problem associated with livestock production facilities and animal waste storage systems[3]. The Desulfovibrio was not detected in the microbial community from pig slurry was small, and that led authors to the conclusion that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, comprising the majority of microbial community, played an important role in the offensive odour compounds production via protein and carbohydrate degradations[16]
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