Abstract
Abstract Soils contaminated with explosives are a major threat to the environment. Explosives in soil can migrate to the ground water leading to harmful effects to human life and the environment. Several technologies have been proposed for the remediation of explosive contaminated soil, including, physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical and chemical treatment technologies, though fast, suffer from a major drawback of being environmentally unsafe. Hence, with environment in center stage, biological treatment methods have gained importance. Microbial remediation, a type of biological treatment technology plays a major role in bioremediation of explosive contaminated sites. Microbes, being ubiquitous find application in various forms to serve the purpose of remediation. This review critically assesses the various microbial treatment technologies, both in situ and ex situ available for remediation of explosive contaminated soil. Also, it discusses the environmental impact of these technologies along with the various emerging trends in the field of microbial remediation in the past decade. And finally, we explore the future prospects of microbial remediation that can provide a sustainable solution for soil explosive contamination.
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