Abstract
Urban truck farming in developing countries appears of great importance to overcome unemployment and poverty. However, the quality of wastewater used for such activity could expose populations to waterborne diseases. The microbial quality of wastewaters used for truck farming in Ouagadougou city, was examined for the presence of bacterial and parasitological fecal indicators during the dry-hot season (May) and the wet season (July) in 2012. The wastewaters of three water reservoirs and two canals intensively used for truck farming were analyzed throughout the study. These indicators were also monitored in waste stabilization ponds during wastewater treatment in 3 plants of the city. For all the selected sampling sites, the concentrations of microbial indicators in water were significantly higher in the dry-hot season compared to the wet one (p - 53,800 CFU/100ml for Escherichia coli, 8200 - 108,400 CFU/100ml for fecal coliforms, 650 - 45,000 CFU/100ml) for fecal streptococcus, and 0 - 2.4 eggs/l for helminthes during the study periods. For wastewater under treatment in waste stabilization ponds, significant microbial concentration drops (p 0.0001) in the range of 82% - 100%, 78% - 98%, 60% - 100% and 82% - 88%, respectively were recorded between the anaerobic and the maturation ponds. The later results highlighted that improving the refining performances of the waste stabilization ponds technology could help decreasing health risks related to wastewater reuse in urban agriculture for a sustainable development of cities in developing countries.
Highlights
The rapid development of population, climate changes impact and the increase in the demand of agricultural products led to a high pressure on water resources in the world [1]
Mindful of the control of health risks for populations related to urban agriculture, we examined the bacteriological and parasitological quality of surface wastewaters used in truck farming in the urban area of Ouagadougou during the dry-hot period (May), the wet season (July), and in waste stabilization ponds of treatment plants in 2012
These findings are in agreement with those recorded for wastewaters in the urban area of Ouagadougou by Nitiéma [7] and in the Sourou valley by Dianou et al [6]
Summary
The rapid development of population, climate changes impact and the increase in the demand of agricultural products led to a high pressure on water resources in the world [1]. Faced with this situation, the research of alternative resources is required. The cities of developing countries were characterized during the last years by an exponential increase in population due to natural growth and by a massive rural exodus leading to a densification of urban area, a high pressure on natural resources along with water, and an intensification of poverty [8,9,10]. Due to the situation of endemic poverty, many poor citizens rescue to wastewater-based agriculture, especially truck farming to survive.
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