Microbial mavericks: unleashing bacteria’s tumor-seeking superpowers in the fight against cancer

Abstract

Capitalizing on bacteria's natural capacity to infiltrate tumor microenvironments, bacterial cancer therapy offers a fresh paradigm for targeting solid tumors. Bacterial cancer therapies have a unique mechanism to cure cancer that is unachievable with current methods. This article addresses the possibility for "Microbial Mavericks," or bacteria, to accumulate specifically in cancerous tissues by taking advantage of the special characteristics of tumors’ micro-environment including hypoxia and acidity. Bacteria can be simply genetically modified to develop and deliver anticancer agents according to clinical needs. Researchers want to improve therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic negative effects by utilizing bacteria's tumor tropism. The need to carefully weigh the potential advantages of bacterial therapeutics with the risks of infections, immunological reactions, and bacterial resistance is emphasized, along with safety issues and challenges. Over the last decades, Salmonella, Clostridium, Listeria, and many other genera have been researched to inhibit cancer growth and increase survival in animal models. This manuscript provides insights into the potential, challenges, and ethical ramifications of the developing field of bacterial cancer therapy. The symbiotic interaction between bacteria and tumors may usher in a new era of cancer treatment as clinical research advances, leveraging the strength of microbial allies in the battle against cancer.