Abstract
Objective:The study was aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize common indicator bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. in manure and bio-slurry samples of different livestock farms and biogas plants of Bangladesh.Materials and Methods:A total of 114 samples of manure and bio-slurry were collected from different livestock farms and biogas plants in Bangladesh. The total viable count (TVC), E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. counts were determined by the spread plate technique method. Isolation and identification were performed by colony characteristics, staining, biochemical tests, and, finally, by using PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolated bacteria was tested against commonly used antibiotics by using the disk diffusion method.Results:The mean TVC, E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. counts were ranged from 8.19–10.75, 5.2–6.96, 5.81–6.87, 5.68–7.68 in manure samples and 7.26–8.65, 3.82–5.2, 4–5.54, 3.14–5.9 log cfu/gm in bio-slurry, respectively. In anaerobic digester after 30 days digestion, the presence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. varied from 0–5.11, 0–4.84, and 0–5.59 log cfu/gm at 25°C, 27°C, 29°C, and 45°C temperature. Above-mentioned bacteria were absent in bio-slurry collected from anaerobic digester after 60 days digestion at environmental temperature. Bacterial counts were reduced significantly in both household slurry pits and experimental anaerobic digester. Antibiotic susceptibility results revealed that multidrug-resistant indicator bacteria were present in the bio-slurry samples.Conclusion:Our findings conclude that the microbial load after treatment of animal manure via anaerobic digestion (Biogas plant) was grossly reduced and the reduction of bacterial pathogen depends on the duration and temperature of digestion.
Highlights
Livestock manures are the undigested and discharged contents of farm animals which are used as fertilizer in soil land but this waste material has a significant effect on public health by contaminating the air, water, and soil
We found common indicator bacteria were reduced from manure to bio-slurry but not eliminated because the elimination of bacteria depends on several factors, pH, temperature, availability of nutrients, and on their initial amount in the waste
Common indicator bacteria were present in all bioslurry samples collected from natural bio-slurry pits
Summary
Livestock manures are the undigested and discharged contents of farm animals which are used as fertilizer in soil land but this waste material has a significant effect on public health by contaminating the air, water, and soil. Bio-slurry is an anaerobic processed natural material discharged as result from the biogas plant after generation of burnable methane gas for cooking, lighting, and running hardware [3]. It can be widely used as fertilizer for crop production, containing higher nutrient than chemical fertilizer [4]. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6(3):376383
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