Abstract
Lipases are very versatile enzymes, and produced the attention of the several industrial processes. Lipase can be achieved from several sources, animal, vegetable, and microbiological. The uses of microbial lipase market is estimated to be USD 425.0 Million in 2018 and it is projected to reach USD 590.2 Million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2018. Microbial lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. The microbial origins of lipase enzymes are logically dynamic and proficient also have an extensive range of industrial uses with the manufacturing of altered molecules. The unique lipase (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase) enzymes catalyzed the hydrolysis, esterification and alcoholysis reactions. Immobilization has made the use of microbial lipases accomplish its best performance and hence suitable for several reactions and need to enhance aroma to the immobilization processes. Immobilized enzymes depend on the immobilization technique and the carrier type. The choice of the carrier concerns usually the biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and insolubility under reaction conditions, capability of easy rejuvenation and reusability, as well as cost proficiency. Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Alcaligenes spp., Arthrobacter spp., Pseudomonos spp., of bacteria and Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., of fungi are screened large scale for lipase production. Lipases as multipurpose biological catalyst has given a favorable vision in meeting the needs for several industries such as biodiesel, foods and drinks, leather, textile, detergents, pharmaceuticals and medicals. This review represents a discussion on microbial sources of lipases, immobilization methods increased productivity at market profitability and reduce logistical liability on the environment and user.
Highlights
The serine hydrolases are present in abundantly and known as lipase enzyme which belong to triacylglycerol ester hydrolase family (EC 3.1.1.3)
Due to the specific properties such as enantioselectivity, regioselectivity and broad substrate specificity properties the lipase showing more interest between all the enzymes [31, 32]. This present review focused on discussing the sources of microorganisms, immobilization methods and their potential applications of lipases including commercially available
Conclusions and future perspective For lipolytic enzymes lipids and other compounds suitable as substrates through the food processing released into the environment, due to the obstruction edible oil, dairy industry creating problems in the biochemical processes and decrease the activity of biomass due to commencement
Summary
The serine hydrolases are present in abundantly and known as lipase enzyme which belong to triacylglycerol ester hydrolase family (EC 3.1.1.3) They can catalyze the hydrolysis (and synthesis) of long-chain triglycerides to fatty acids, diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol and glycerol known as carboxylesterases [1, 2]. The microbial lipases in the form of powder is projected to dominate the microbial lipase markets due to its stability, easy to handle, and easier for packaging and its transportation preferred by the consumers [21, 22] These are extensively applicable in several another industries such as dairy, food and beverage, animal feed, cleaning, biofuel, pharmaceuticals, textile cosmetic, perfumery, flavour industry, biocatalytic resolution, esters and amino acid derivatives, fine chemicals production, agrochemicals, biosensor, and bioremediation [23–25]. The manufacturers who operate on a global level and the rising in implementation of lipase enzymes drive the demand for microbial lipases in the region [27, 28]
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