Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction of microorganisms and phosphorus dosages in the development of gliricidia. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments (control, native microbial inoculant, and four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolates: UFLA05 - Gigaspora albida, UFLA351 - Rhizoglomus clarum, UFLA372 - Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and UFLA401 - Acaulospora morrowiae), with four replicates. The parameters evaluated were: height plant, the number of branches, shoot and root dry mass matter, root length and volume, leaf phosphorus, mycorrhizal colonization, the number of spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the number of nodules of nitrogen fixing bacteria, and the presence of endophytic dark septate fungi, after 95 days of inoculation. The high mycorrhizal colonization of gliricidia does not guarantee an increase in biomass, which depends on the interaction of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the endophytic dark septate fungi, the nitrogen fixing bacteria, and the endophytic bacteria. Gliricidia was responsive to the inoculation of the native microbiota, UFLA372 and UFLA401. Mycorrhizal colonization by UFLA401 was influenced by the presence of nitrogen fixing bacteria. Gliricidia was not responsive to the inoculation of UFLA05 and UFLA351. The presence of the endophytic dark septate fungi did not inhibit mycorrhization and the formation of nodules of nitrogen fixing bacteria in gliricidia.
Highlights
The Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp is a treesized species belonging to the family Fabaceae that originated in Central America
In gliricidia the values of mycorrhizal colonization observed to be above 50% is classified as high (CARNEIRO et al, 1998) and were similar to those found by Fagbola et al (2001) on gliricidia inoculated with Glomus deserticola
Twum-Ampofo (2008) observed that the mycorrhizal colonization of gliricidia with Glomus clarum (92.2 to 96.4%) was significantly higher than the values observed with G. etunicatum (35.9 to 77.4%) and Gigaspora rosea (32.8 to 45.3%), which differs from the results obtained with the isolates UFLA351, UFLA372 and UFLA05, which did not present significant difference (Table 1)
Summary
The Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp is a treesized species belonging to the family Fabaceae that originated in Central America. It has been used for green manuring, wind breaking, hedging, wood production, and for recovery of degraded areas, since it tolerates acidic and low fertility (EIRAS; COELHO, 2011). The protein content present in the biomass of the Fabaceae members is related to the biological fixation of nitrogen by diazotrophic bacteria, which are responsible for the amount of nitrogen that is directly available to the plant. In nutrient-poor soils, the fixation of nitrogen by the bacteria allows the plant to grow by promoting a buildup of mass matter via synthesis of amino acids and proteins (MOREIRA; SIQUEIRA, 2006). Tavares et al (2012) observed that with a mycorrhizal colonization in Mimosa caesalpinaefolia Benth, there was an increase in the dry matter mass of the root nodules of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria by 1900%
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