Abstract
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are the device that involves bacteria and organic matter, to generate electrical current via bacterial metabolism from a wide range of organic and inorganic substrates. MFCs are novel bioreactors, that convert chemical energy into electrochemical energy through bio-catalysis of various wastes (agriculture, food, households, food processing industries) using microorganisms. MFC is a promising approach that offers direct, clean, green energy generation, ease of waste recyclability, and by-product utilization of different sources. In recent, MFCs research advances related to electrode development and utilization of suitable different rural and urban wastes is a significant interest in the MFC application. Hence in a large-scale application, the MFC concept is one of the effective technologies for the management of different wastes and is simultaneously used for electricity generation to cater to the energy demand in rural or remote areas that are not linked to the electric grid. MFCs help reduce the global energy crisis and reduce the pressure on non-renewable energy resources.
Highlights
The human population is increasing enormously and parallelly industries are being established to maintain the growth and developments
In a large-scale application, the Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) concept is one of the effective technologies for the management of different wastes and is simultaneously used for electricity generation to cater to the energy demand in rural or remote areas that are not linked to the electric grid
The data of this study proved that MFC technology could be used to produce bioelectricity directly from cassava mill effluent[29]
Summary
The human population is increasing enormously and parallelly industries are being established to maintain the growth and developments. Single-chambered MFCs hold both cathode and anode in a single chamber.[16] This technology associates microbial metabolism with electrochemical reactions and helps simultaneously to generate electric power and for the management of waste accumulation. The concentration of brewery wastewater varies at the range of 3000–5000 mg of COD/L which has a concentration of around ten times that of domestic wastewater It is most suitable for electricity generation in MFCs due to its organic content and free from high concentrations of inhibitory substances such as ammonia[31,32] developed a polarization curve-based MFC model and found that the loss of kinetic reaction and mass transport are the most significant factors influencing the MFC output with brewery wastewater (Table 1).
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