Abstract
Sugarcane has important microbial control programs in Latin America, mainly using entomopathogenic fungi. However, other microbial agents are being studied and introduced to control pests in this crop. Virtually, only Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Guyana, Paraguay, Suriname, and Haiti do not apply microbial control despite having sugarcane cultivation areas. Among the countries that use microbial pest control, Brazil has the largest sugarcane cultivation area and microbial pest control of over 4 million hectares using bacteria and entomopathogenic fungi. Cuba, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Guatemala are great sugarcane producers and users of microbial control. The Central American countries and the Caribbean have conditions to develop sugarcane cultivation; thus, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Puerto Rico, and Costa Rica also have significant sugarcane areas with pest management based on microbial control, mainly entomopathogenic fungi. This chapter aims at making a survey on the research and application of microorganisms in the biological control of sugarcane pests to help researchers in new studies and scientific improvement.
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