Abstract
ABSTRACT The use of swine effluents as a biofertilizer is an alternative to chemical fertilizers and to water demand in dry season. Nevertheless, fertigation studies usually focus on the plant demand and the soil nutrition parameters, mainly physic-chemical ones. This work aimed to evaluate the impacts of fertigation with swine effluents treated in the microbial quality of groundwater from the phreatic aquifer in two lots on Campanário settlement, on the city of São Gabriel do Oeste, MS, Brazil. Microbial analyses were carried out on groundwater samples from four piezometer and two supply wells using the Colilert system to quantify total coliform and Escherichia coli. Samples were collected during twelve months. The results indicate groundwater contamination by bacteria of the coliform group, according to the drinking water Brazilian standards and its spatial distribution from the point sources to a spreading area in accordance with groundwater flow. Therefore, water disinfection is strongly recommended for drinking purposes. Despite having a strong correlation with groundwater microbial contamination, especially in rainy season, fertigation with swine effluents seem not to be the only source of pathogens in the phreatic aquifer. However, high total coliform values in dry season samples could be assigned to the fertigation.
Highlights
Population growth increases the demand for food and the adoption of intensive production of animal protein, such as swine (SOBESTIANSKY; BARCELLOS, 2007)
For some samples quantitative results were above the maximum detectable limit of the method used for analysis of total coliforms (> 2,419 Most Probable Number (MPN) per 100 mL), even though its previous dilution
Escherichia coli was not detected in most of the analysis, but it was present in samples collected in the rainy season (Figure 4)
Summary
Population growth increases the demand for food and the adoption of intensive production of animal protein, such as swine (SOBESTIANSKY; BARCELLOS, 2007). In Mato Grosso do Sul State (MS), pig farms contribute to income and jobs, increasing the life quality of local population, as observed in São Gabriel do Oeste city, the MS main producer. Known as biofertilizer, as well the inclusion on the certification market of greenhouse gases emission reduction resulted in the installation of anaerobic biodigestor. The addition of biofertilizer to the soil, rich in ammoniacal nitrogen, is responsible for soil microorganisms stimulation, which is extremely beneficial for grain and forage production and, for liquid carbon emissions from fertirrigated soils in São Gabriel do Oeste (FERNANDES et al, 2011)
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