Abstract
No cell or tissue culture problem is as universal as that of culture loss due to contamination, so that microbial hazards cause drastic economic losses in the plant tissue culture industries. A wide range of microorganisms (filamentous fungi, yeasts, bacteria, virus and viroid) and micro-arthropods (mites and thrips) have been identified as contaminants in plant tissue culture. With this paramount importance of in-vitro culture contaminants, various research work has been conducted from different corners of the world. This review paper compiles such important information to share experiences within a single amassed document. Different research and review articles, proceedings, protocol notes, scientific notes, conference papers, case reports as well as case studies, research communications and technical reports are included in this paper. Hence, this article aimed to review and provide insights about microbial contaminants and their management techniques and thereby to document the possible attempts made by different scholars to mitigate microbial contamination under plant tissue culture. Moreover, the paper skim through the current advancements made on culture loss due to microbes, their control methods and hostile effects on regeneration capability of culture plants. Keywords : Microbial contamination, bacteria, fungi, plant tissue culture, in vitro culture DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/12-10-01 Publication date: May 31 st 2021
Highlights
Technological advances in biotechnology provide new insights with gaining much attention and open new options for collection, preservation, multiplication and exchange of plant genetic resources in the form of in vitro culture among nations (Cruz-Cruz et al, 2013)
Studies revealed that microbial contamination remains a continuing threat to plant tissue culture for several years there are techniques that can reduce the consequence of contamination (Varghese and Joy, 2016; Carey et al, 2015)
Seven antibiotics (Gentamycin, Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Rifampicin, Tetracycline, Cefotaxime and Penicillin) were evaluated for their potential inhibition of bacterial species in oil palm tissue culture and the result shown that Gentamycin and Ampicillin best inhibited the growth of Mycelia with 90% suppression
Summary
Technological advances in biotechnology provide new insights with gaining much attention and open new options for collection, preservation, multiplication and exchange of plant genetic resources in the form of in vitro culture among nations (Cruz-Cruz et al, 2013). The propagation through tubers needs prolonged time due to low multiplication rate and ease of contamination by various pathogens leading to seed degeneration that causes the gradual decomposition of genetic potential of the screening clones and the clones perform less than the standard checks being evaluated with and discarded there unless the materials be cleaned and multiplied by meristem culture technique (Aboshama and Atwa, 2019; Azad et al, 2020) All these factors contributed to the delay of potato breeding cycles (Milczarek et al, 2014). Restricted surface sterilization procedures are implemented under plant tissue culture, some bacterial species sourced from explants of the mother plant can survive and contaminate in vitro plantlets (Eziashi et al, 2014)
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