Abstract
To study the microbial community structure in sediments and its relation to eutrophication environment factors, the sediments and the overlying water of Sancha Lake were collected in the four seasons. MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was conducted for the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene and was used to analyze the microbial community structure in sediments. Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) were conducted to determine the relation between microbial populations and eutrophic factors. The results demonstrated four main patterns: (1) in the 36 samples that were collected, the classification annotation suggested 64 phyla, 259 classes, 476 orders, 759 families, and 9325 OTUs; (2) The diversity indices were ordered according to their values as with summer > winter > autumn > spring; (3) The microbial populations in the four seasons belonged to two distinct characteristic groups; (4) pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) had significant effects on the community composition and structure, which further affected the dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) significantly. The present study demonstrates that the microbial communities in Sancha Lake sediments are highly diverse, their compositions and distributions are significantly different between spring and non-spring, and Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria may be the key populations or indicator organisms for eutrophication.
Highlights
Eutrophication has become a worldwide environmental problem
The results showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant populations, and temperature was the key factor affecting the diversity of bacterial community structure in sediments
The results showed that the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was negatively correlated at high significance with pH (r = −0.761, p < 0.01), significantly negatively correlated with total phosphate (TP) (r = −0.344, p < 0.05) and HCl-P (r = −0.341, p < 0.05), and positively correlated at high significance with dissolved oxygen (DO) (r = 0.639, p < 0.01) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) (r = 0.540, p < 0.01)
Summary
Eutrophication has become a worldwide environmental problem. Sediments are a source of endogenous nutrients in eutrophic waters and have a significant impact on eutrophication [1]. As the primary driving force of natural material circulation, microbes in the sediments play an essential role in material circulation between water and sediments as well as in eutrophication [2,3]. Microbes in the sediments are the most important contributors to the conversion of complex organic matter (OM) and mineral elements [4], and the studies on their diversity and structure are important for understanding the eutrophic aquatic ecosystems [5]. Exploration of the main ecological and environmental factors affecting the microbial community composition has been one of the focuses of relevant scholars [6]. Jin et al [7] used terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and Biolog-Eco microplates to study the microbial diversity and structure of Poyang Lake sediments. The results showed that there was synergistic spatial heterogeneity in microbial community structure and diversity
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