Abstract
Gut microbiota is known to influence the physiology, health, nutrient absorption, reproduction, and other metabolic activities of aquatic organisms. Microbial composition can influence intestinal immunity and are considered as health indicators. Information on gut microbial composition provides potential application possibilities to improve shrimp health and production. In the absence of such information for Penaeus indicus, the present study reports the microbial community structure associated with its early developmental stages. Bacterial community associated with the early developmental stages (egg, nauplii, zoea, mysis, PL1, PL6 and PL12) from two hatchery cycles were analysed employing 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, were the two dominant phyla in P. indicus development stages. Sequential sampling revealed the constant change in the bacterial composition at genus level. Alteromonas was dominant in egg and nauplii stage, whilst Ascidiaceihabitans (formerly Roseobacter) was the dominant genera in both PL6 and PL12. The bacterial composition was highly dynamic in early stages and our study suggests that the mysis stage is the critical phase in transforming the microbial composition and it gets stabilised by early post larval stages. This is the first report on the composition of microbiota in early developmental stages of P. indicus. Based on these results the formation of microbial composition seems to be influenced by feeding at early stages. The study provides valuable information to device intervention strategies for healthy seed production.
Highlights
Complex symbiotic microbiota inhabits the intestine and is known to play significant role in the host physiology, health, nutrient absorption, reproduction, and other metabolic activities in terrestrial and aquatic animals [1,2,3,4,5,6]
In the absence of such information for Penaeus indicus, the present study reports the microbial community structure associated with its early developmental stages
The bacterial composition was highly dynamic in early stages and our study suggests that the mysis stage is the critical phase in transforming the microbial composition and it gets stabalised by early post larval stages
Summary
Complex symbiotic microbiota inhabits the intestine and is known to play significant role in the host physiology, health, nutrient absorption, reproduction, and other metabolic activities in terrestrial and aquatic animals [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Studies characterizing the colonization of gut microbiota in aquatic animals [7, 9, 10], and the influence of a bacterial community or an individual bacterial species, on intestinal immunity [1, 2, 11] have been reported recently. Information on microbiota provides potential application possibilities to improve the production of food animals. Recent studies have reported the formation of microbiota, which get stabilized by post larval stages (PL5-PL15), indicating the role of early feeding, food and feeding habits, feed additives in shaping the gut microbiome in penaeid shrimp P. monodon [9] and P. vannamei [12]. Information on the formation of microbiota in the early developmental stages of Indian white shrimp, P. indicus is not available
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