Abstract
All the leading cities in the world are slowly becoming inhospitable for human life with global warming playing havoc with the living conditions. Biomineralization of carbon dioxide using carbonic anhydrase (CA) is one of the most economical methods for mitigating global warming. The burning of fossil fuels results in the emission of large quantities of flue gas. The temperature of flue gas is quite high. Alkaline conditions are necessary for CaCO3 precipitation in the mineralization process. In order to use CAs for biomimetic carbon sequestration, thermo-alkali-stable CAs are, therefore, essential. CAs must be stable in the presence of various flue gas contaminants too. The extreme environments on earth harbor a variety of polyextremophilic microbes that are rich sources of thermo-alkali-stable CAs. CAs are the fastest among the known enzymes, which are of six basic types with no apparent sequence homology, thus represent an elegant example of convergent evolution. The current review focuses on the utility of thermo-alkali-stable CAs in biomineralization based strategies. A variety of roles that CAs play in various living organisms, the use of CA inhibitors as drug targets and strategies for overproduction of CAs to meet the demand are also briefly discussed.
Highlights
In the early Eighteenth century, industrial revolution took the world by storm
carbonic anhydrase (CA) are a class of enzymes which are essential for the survival of living beings
Carbonic anhydrase can aid in tackling the future catastrophes due to global warming
Summary
In the early Eighteenth century, industrial revolution took the world by storm. This led to large scale manufacture, which at that time proved to be a major economic boost world over. Countries round the world have initiated a number of measures to counter the alarming rise of CO2 in the environment which includes use of low carbon fuels (nuclear power, natural gas etc.), increasing the use of renewal energy and applying geo-engineering approaches [afforestation and reforestation, and CO2 capture, storage and utilization (CCSU)]. Mineral carbonation is being studied at length for its utility in biomineralization of CO2 from flue gas.
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