Abstract
As a result of the batch techniques used to manufacture pharmaceutical compounds, wastewater created from a variety of operations contains a wide variety of different substances. This is due in part to the vast amounts of water required to wash dense cake prior to extraction, as well as to clean the extraction apparatus after it has been completed. In addition to the manufacturing processes of the pharmaceutical industry, it is also possible to locate pharmaceutical compounds in water as a result of the widespread use of pharmaceutical compounds, which results in their presence in municipal and agricultural wastewaters. The effluent from the pharmaceutical and drug manufacturing processes contains a diverse range of substances. Aside from that, the industry requires the re-use of water after it has been cleaned of pollutants, whether they are pharmaceuticals or not. Because of the limited supply of pharmaceutical wastewater, it is necessary to explore and develop solutions for treating pharmaceutical wastewater as part of water management. This study includes the identification of many pharmaceutical wastewater sources, as well as the evaluation of the most promising available technology for eliminating such sources. An evaluation and recommendations are made in this paper to recover a substantial amount of valuable compounds from effluent generated by a variety of industries including the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), bulk drug, and related pharmaceutics sectors, all of which consume large amounts of water. Last but not least, the treatment of extremely dilute yet potentially dangerous wastewaters are investigated. The future of microbial treatment in hybrid systems is more promising, as seen by the enhanced API reduction performance demonstrated by current treatment procedures utilising hybrid system technology. It is the purpose of this chapter to provide comprehensive information on the biological decontamination of pharmaceutical wastewater in order to protect the environment and the health of organisms while conserving resources.
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