Abstract
Soil quality is directly related to the diversity and density of microorganisms present in it, as they perform important functions that promote the growth of plant species, maintaining soil sustainability and favoring increased agricultural production and environmental regeneration. With this, the objective was to describe and relate the functions of microorganisms existing in the soil and their action potentials in agricultural and forestry species. Some species of fungi and bacteria are able to solubilize phosphorus from phosphate sources, releasing it to be absorbed by plant roots, resulting in gains in crop productivity. Other species of bacteria, when inoculated to seeds, besides stimulating the growth and development of plants, act as biofertilizers by fixing nitrogen from the air (N2). Mycorrhizae constitute a specialized symbiotic association between roots and some soil fungi in which fungal hyphae absorb nutrients from the soil solution and transport them to plants. The inoculation of plant species with microorganisms that help in the availability of phosphorus, due to its low concentration in soils, becomes essential in supplying the nutritional demands of plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria are among microorganisms that can perform this function. In relation to the main forest species cultivated in Brazil, all have the potential to benefit from associations with microorganisms, hence the importance of knowing, researching and stimulating the increase of the microbial quality of the soil.
Highlights
In recent decades, population growth and technological development increased the demand and pressure on natural resources
Studies show that using soil microorganisms can be efficient and inexpensive, acting in the biocontrol of pathogens and promoting plant growth, but its practical application is still restricted (Oliveira et al, 2020)
The positive effect of these microorganisms on soil and plants has already been proven by several studies (Moreira & Siqueira, 2006; Leal et al, 2021), demonstrating the importance of using commercial inoculants
Summary
Population growth and technological development increased the demand and pressure on natural resources. The maintenance of soil sustainability is considered a key factor for reforestation and environmental regeneration. The concept of soil quality has been changing, concerning soil fertility and the microorganisms present in it and their diversity. Studies show that using soil microorganisms can be efficient and inexpensive, acting in the biocontrol of pathogens and promoting plant growth, but its practical application is still restricted (Oliveira et al, 2020). The positive effect of these microorganisms on soil and plants has already been proven by several studies (Moreira & Siqueira, 2006; Leal et al, 2021), demonstrating the importance of using commercial inoculants. The use of growthpromoting microorganisms can accelerate plant development, increase nutrient availability, contribute to soil fertility management, and favor plant growth and development
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