Microbes and Us

Abstract

This article provides an overview of microbes (viruses and pathogenic bacteria) in human history, with special focus on their emerging threat in societies that had appeared to have conquered them as significant takers of life. The relationship between microbes and mortality level is discussed, with reference to both developed and developing societies, which display different historical patterns regarding the timing and tempo of reductions in mortality due to microbes. An overview of the epidemiological transition theory - which has until recently guided current thinking about the mortality-microbe relationship - is presented in the light of current trends that counter its view of the diminishing role of microbes over time. Four factors leading to a re-examination of epidemiological theory’s optimism about the eventual control of microbes are identified. Consequences of microbe resurgence in the West, particularly in Canada, are discussed. Concerns about the Canadian reaction to microbes - which focuses upon individualist responses - and to threats to the health care system - which ignore public health - are raised.