Microbe assisted depolymerization of lignin rich waste and its conversion to gaseous biofuel

Abstract

Biomethanation potential of lignin rich residue (LRR) obtained from lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation was evaluated after subjecting to microbe assisted pretreatment using selectively enriched lignin depolymerizing consortia (LDC). The efficiency of LDC in lignin depolymerization was established using alkali and dealkali lignins (AL and DL) along with LRR as feedstocks. Microbial growth on media having lignin as sole carbon source, activity of lignin depolymerizing enzymes, viz., lignin peroxidase and laccase, ability of culture to decolorize the lignin mimicking dyes like methylene blue and ramezol brilliant blue, were considered to confirm the efficiency of enriched mixed culture. Microbial treatment using LDC showed significant positive impact on lignin breakdown irrespective of the substrate (LRR, 46.33%; AL, 31.37%; DL, 34.20%). The hydrolysate of LRR obtained from microbial pretreatment showed higher biogas yield (424 ml/g VS) owing to the efficiency of lignin depolymerization and availability of readily available biodegradable components in residual lignin from previous processing. Depolymerization of commercial lignins also produced a good amount of biogas (302–324 ml/g VS) after pretreatment with LDC. Overall, an additional energy conversion efficiency of about 11.75 kJ/g VS was obtained by valorizing the residual lignin through integrating biomethanation technology to ethanol fermentation. Outcome of this study indicated the feasibility of using lignin rich residue generated from the second generation cellulosic bioethanol plants as a potential feedstock to meet the current gaseous fuel demands. This integration also helps in closing the biomass based biorefinery loop and also promotes the circular economy.