Microanatomy sectioning and phytochemicals overview in selected Oleaceae species

Abstract

This study provides in-depth observations into the microanatomical structure of leaves and stem of eight selected Oleaceae species revealing comprehensive tissue organization using microtome sectioning and peeling leaf epidermis techniques. The phytochemicals profile overview of selected olive species extracted from leaf and stem of Oleaceae species contributes to identifying bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic and medicinal applications. An overview of histochemistry of bioactive metabolites revealed in Oleacee species shows the presence of phenolic compounds (oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol), localized in the leaves and stems, contributing to their antioxidant properties. The present study represent foliar anatomical traits; epidermal cells (ECs) polygonal shape and straight anticlinal walls, paracytic stomata and simple unicellular trichomes. The maximum ECs length (30 μm) was noted in Olea europaea and minimum (20 μm) in Jasminum fluminense was measured. Oleaceae species microtome stem sectioning examined revealed cortex type (parenchyma and collenchyma), vascular bundles (VBs) arrangements (radial, scattered and bundled), xylem vessels (scalariform, annular, spiral and reticulate), phloem fiber arrangements (banded and scattered), and uniseriate, biseriat and multiseriate medullary rays. Stem transverse section with maximum length (1300 μm) was observed in Olea europaea and the lowest (1100 μm) in Jasminum grandiflorum L. subsp. floribundum. This taxonomic histological method links the relationship between anatomy and chemistry, lead to identification of bioactive chemical compounds diversity among Oleaceae species. This anatomical methods used to enhance and consider the plant micromorphological structure-function relationships adapted to diverse environmental conditions.