Abstract
Human civilization will need to reduce its impacts on air and water quality and reduce its use of fossil fuels in order to advance towards a more sustainable future. Using microalgae to treat wastewater as well as simultaneously produce biofuels is one of the approaches for a sustainable future. The manufacture of biofuels from microalgae is one of the next-generation biofuel solutions that has recently received a lot of interest, as it can remove nutrients from the wastewater whilst capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The resulting biomass are employed to generate biofuels, which can run fuel cell vehicles of zero emission, power combustion engines and power plants. By cultivating microalgae in wastewater, eutrophication can be prevented, thereby enhancing the quality of the effluent. Thus, by combining wastewater treatment and biofuel production, the cost of the biofuels, as well as the environmental hazards, can be minimized, as there is a supply of free and already available nutrients and water. In this article, the steps involved to generate the various biofuels through microalgae are detailed.
Highlights
From sea ice in the Arctic to microbiotic crusts in deserts, the term “algae” refers to a wide group of autotrophic, aquatic creatures found all over the world [1,2].Algae are usually one of two types such as macro and micro algae
Muchrecent research has proposed that algal biomass production be combined with wastewater treatment and recycling to equalize the expense of fertilisers and freshwater necessary for microalgae growing [12,13,14,15]
The nutrients in the wastewater are eliminated from the wastewater, but they are caught by the microalgae and returned to the environment as agricultural fertilisers. Another benefit of microalgae-based wastewater treatment is that the algal cells fix the greenhouse gas through photosynthesis
Summary
From sea ice in the Arctic to microbiotic crusts in deserts, the term “algae” refers to a wide group of (mainly) autotrophic, aquatic creatures found all over the world [1,2]. Macroalgae are generally considered terrestrial plants that returned to a damp environment, according to evolutionary theory They are classified into red, brown, and green algae and are diverse forms of multicellular eukaryotes, each with a respective evolution pathway. Muchrecent research has proposed that algal biomass production be combined with wastewater treatment and recycling to equalize the expense of fertilisers and freshwater necessary for microalgae growing [12,13,14,15]. The nutrients in the wastewater are eliminated from the wastewater, but they are caught by the microalgae and returned to the environment as agricultural fertilisers Another benefit of microalgae-based wastewater treatment is that the algal cells fix the greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide) through photosynthesis.
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