Abstract
Over the past two decades, great attention has been paid to managing environmental pollution caused by hazardous materials, such as: metals (lead, cadmium), pesticide residues, leakage of rights, among others. Many methods have been developed for the removal of such substances as precipitation, evaporation, ion exchange. However, these methods have several disadvantages such as: high cost of implantation, need for a large quantity of chemical products and interference of the process due to the presence of oils. It is known that there is a need to awaken more and more human and collective consciousness for the development and application of new technologies in favor of the environment. This review highlights the alternative biological agent abundantly present in nature, that is, microalgae as a possible sink for the removal of these toxic substances from the environment. Microalgae biomass has also been used to remove heavy metals, and in wastewater treatment facilities, they can be used to reduce the amount of toxic chemicals needed to clean and purify water, reaffirming its bio-absorption capacity toxic.
Highlights
Water pollution is global issue that has been affecting many people worldwide and, as a vital asset, very important that measures are implemented to solve this problem efficiently and quickly
With regard to the specific removal of contaminants from wastewater, traditional removal technologies, such as ion exchange, chemical precipitation and adsorption by activated carbon, are inefficient or quite expensive for situations where the concentration of contaminants (METCALF and EDDY, 2014).With this, a major emphasis has been given to the microalgae of different species, which has been used in waste water treatment and retention studies of toxic metals (DAL SLIM et al, 2011)
The growing demand for services and products has increasingly increased industrial activity, sometimes generating more and more waste and increasing the use of natural resources, which are becoming scarce and are often polluted and degraded (DAL MAGRO et al, 2011).The greatest emphasis has been given to microalgae of several species, which have been used in studies of effluent treatment and toxic metal biosorption (DAL MAGRO et al, 2011), Carbon dioxide (CO2 )biofixation (MORAIS and COSTA, 2007) and production biofuels (XU and MI, 2011).The culture media are very important for the cultivation of microalgae
Summary
Water pollution is global issue that has been affecting many people worldwide and, as a vital asset, very important that measures are implemented to solve this problem efficiently and quickly. The growing demand for services and products has increasingly increased industrial activity, sometimes generating more and more waste and increasing the use of natural resources, which are becoming scarce and are often polluted and degraded (DAL MAGRO et al, 2011).The greatest emphasis has been given to microalgae of several species, which have been used in studies of effluent treatment and toxic metal biosorption (DAL MAGRO et al, 2011), Carbon dioxide (CO2 )biofixation (MORAIS and COSTA, 2007) and production biofuels (XU and MI, 2011).The culture media are very important for the cultivation of microalgae Some other aspects such as concentration and composition of nutrients, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, salinity, temperature, among other aspects, can significantly influence the final composition of the biomass obtained, more than the choice of a species for cultivation (FÁBREGAS et al, 1996). Such composition of microalgae varies with different concentrations of certain nutrients (FÁBREGAS et al, 1996), they are directly related, the culture medium and the biochemical composition, favoring a greater production of biomass and oil from microalgae on a large scale
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