Abstract
The non-renewable nature of fossil energy and the environmental pollution caused by its use, such as haze, make it very urgent to develop clean and efficient renewable energy. By using microalgae biomass as an alternative raw material energy sources like biohydrogen, methane can be produced through fermentation and photosynthesis. Unlike solar energy, which has the disadvantages of low energy density, instability and difficulty in storage, biohydrogen and biogas are one of the novel ideal energy sources at present. The utilization of microalgae has various attractive prospects in their production due to its cost-effectiveness, renewable biomass and ease of scaling-up technology. This paper discusses the latest microalgae biomass biohydrogen and biogas production technology including integrated biorefinery systems, co-production or mixed production techniques and puts forward the key problems to be solved in the development of microalgae biohydrogen production technology.
Highlights
The adverse impact of fossil fuel combustion products on the environment and its depletion as non-renewable energy has accelerated the pace of energy transformation in various countries (Pan et al, 2018; Asongu et al, 2020; IEA International Energy Agency, 2020)
There are some ways to improve the efficiency of biohydrogen production, such as microalgae-bacteria coupling biohydrogen production, adding sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3), mixotrophic culture and immobilization of microalgae cells to improve light utilization (Chen et al, 2016; Ramanan et al, 2016; Lakatos et al, 2017; Wei et al, 2017; Wong et al, 2018; Taghizadeh et al, 2020; Xu et al, 2020)
The application of genetic engineering increases the biohydrogen production of microalgae (Table 2)
Summary
The adverse impact of fossil fuel combustion products on the environment and its depletion as non-renewable energy has accelerated the pace of energy transformation in various countries (Pan et al, 2018; Asongu et al, 2020; IEA International Energy Agency, 2020). Many studies aiming at improving the microalgae biohydrogen producing efficiency have been researched, the current level of biohydrogen production is still not enough to be used as. Further exploration is still needed to effectively increase the biohydrogen producing rate in microalgae. How to improve the existing fermentation system for efficient biohydrogen production still needs further research (Bolatkhan et al, 2019). This present review paper evaluates the recent advances technologies and related research progress in the production of gaseous biofuels from microalgae. Microalgaebased gaseous biofuel technology has broad prospects in energy conversion and environmental protection, a deeper understanding is needed to enhance sustainability patterns toward a greener industry
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