Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Control

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with good glycemic control. Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic illness, frequently not diagnosed until complications appear. Microalbuminuria is a renal marker of generalized vascular endothelial damage and early atherosclerosis. Patients with microalbuminuria are at increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus like myocardial infarction, stroke, and nephropathy. Poor glycemic control increases the risk of microalbuminuria. Methodology: A cross-sectional study is conducted at the Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College/ Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta, Pakistan. The duration of the study is six months from September 2016 to March 2017. A total of 140 Type 2 DM patients with good glycemic control is included in this study. 63 (45%) were female, and 77 (55%) were male with a mean age of 44.47 ± 4.99 years. The mean duration of DM is found to be 4.21 ± 0.94 years. The mean HbA1c level was found to be 6.74 ± 0.17. 21 patients (15%) were found to have microalbuminuria. Conclusion: There is an association of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients with good glycemic control; however, the prevalence is low, but it is still positive. Uncontrolled DM is strongly associated with the prevalence of microalbuminuria. Screening for microalbuminuria and HbA1c test should be done both in new and already diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients as an early marker of renal dysfunction and glycemic control.