Microalbuminuria as an early marker of left ventricular hypertrophy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Microalbuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have both been shown independently to be associated with increased cardiovascular (CVS) mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted to examine whether microalbuminuria is associated with LVH in non-hypertensive type 2 DM patients with early or no diabetic nephropathy.Methods: 100 patients of type 2 DM were studied. Patients with Hypertension (BP >140/90 mm hg or on anti-hypertensive medication), history of coronary artery disease or valvular heart disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, known thyroid disease or active urinary tract infection (UTI) were excluded from the study. All patients were subjected to spot urine test for microalbuminuria by urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), 12 lead ECG to detect LVH, 2D echocardiography to calculate LV mass index (LVMI), anthropometry, urine routine examination, kidney function test, fasting lipid profile and HbA1c.Results: Of the 100 enrolled patients, 39 were found to have normoalbuminuria, 39 had microalbuminuria & 22 patients had macroalbuminuria. The correlation between increased albuminuria and LVMI was found to be statistically significant (P value < 0.001) and the LV mass significantly increased as albuminuria increased along the continuum of normoalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria. UACR showed a statistically significant correlation with age, eGFR, duration of diabetes (P value < 0.01) and HbA1c (P value < 0.05).Conclusions: Microalbuminuria is associated with LVH in non-hypertensive type 2 DM patients and thus may serve as an early marker of LVH and help identify patients at high CVS risk.