Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the Micro-Aid Liquid 10 (MAL10) (DPI Global, Porterville, CA, USA), a product made from yucca extract, on growth performance, gut microbiota, and resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei against infectious disease caused by Vibrio alginolyticus. MAL10 was added to shrimp rearing water at different levels of 0 (control), 0.25 mL m3−1 (W0.25), 0.5 mL m3−1 (W0.5), 1 mL m3−1 (W1), and 5 mL m3−1 (W5), respectively, once per week for 70 days. Growth performances, including final body weight, specific growth rate, average daily growth and percentage of weight gain, were significantly improved by adding the MAL10 at levels up to 5 mL m3−1, which may be due to the proliferation of B cells in hepatopancreas of MAL10-treated shrimp. No significant differences in the total viable count and Vibrio-like count in the gut of shrimp were recorded by spread plate method. In the challenge test, shrimp reared in the water supplemented with MAL10 at levels of 1–5 mL m3−1 had significantly lower cumulative mortality after a challenge test with V. alginolyticus compared to shrimp reared in the control, W0.25 and W0.5 groups. Next-generation sequencing indicated that the relative distribution of phylum Proteobacteria in control (80.4%) was higher than the W (77.4%). The proportion of Vibrio was primarily dominant genera in the shrimp intestine and highest in the control group compared to the W group, followed by Spongiimonas, Motilimonas, Demequina, and Shewanella genera. Although there was no statistically significant difference, higher α-diversity indices were recorded in the W5-treated group than in the control group. Therefore, it is considered that MAL10 could be used as a natural alternative in shrimp aquaculture to reduce the risk of infectious disease caused by pathogenic Vibrio and improve the growth performance of white shrimp.
Highlights
Introduction iationsGenerally, aquaculture production has been steadily increasing with high demand for seafood
The growth performance of shrimp cultured in water supplemented with different levels of Micro-Aid Liquid 10 (MAL10) up to 5 mL m3−1 once per week for 70 days is shown in Table 2 and Figure 1
A commercially available saponin-based product, MAL 10, was applied to white shrimp culture pond, and the results showed that shrimp had improved growth performance
Summary
Aquaculture production has been steadily increasing with high demand for seafood. Demand is expected to grow significantly due to various social and economic factors, namely, population growth, rising incomes, and improved supply chain distribution. Among the main groups of seafood production, white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei is currently the most economically valuable crustacean species dominating aquaculture production worldwide. According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) [1], crustaceans represented 11.4% of the total production in aquaculture, of which the white shrimp contributed 52.9%. The intensive shrimp aquaculture increases environmental stressors that increase the risk of infectious disease outbreaks and impose significant losses in productivity. Vibriosis is one of the primary disease problems in shrimp aquaculture caused by Vibrio alginolyticus, V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, among others, Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
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