Abstract
The balance between population and water and land resources is an important part of regional sustainable development. It is also significant for the ecological civilization in China and can help solve the Three Rural Issues (agriculture, countryside and farmers) in China. The Silk Road Economic Belt and Maritime Silk Road in twenty-first Century Strategy have brought new opportunities for the Hexi Corridor, which is facing challenges in the sustainable development of rural settlements. In this paper, we analyzed the temporal-spatial differentiation of rural settlement patterns in Shandan County of Hexi Corridor and studied the spatial association between rural settlements and water-land resources. Results show that the total area of rural settlement patches (CA), the number of rural settlement patches (NP), the mean patch area (MPS), the maximum patch areas (MAXP), the minimum patch areas (MINP) and the density of rural settlement patches (PD) changed more rapidly from 1998 to 2008 than from 2008 to 2015. In the second period, the indices mentioned before did not change significantly. The kernel density of rural settlements is basically consistent in three periods. Rural settlements mainly distribute along major roads and the hydrographic network and the kernel density of rural settlements decreases in the direction away from these roads and the hydrographic network. In addition, rural settlements in Shandan County are densely distributed in some regions and sparsely distributed in other regions. The dispersion degree of rural settlements increased from 1998 to 2008 and tended to be stable after 2008. These lead to the dispersion, hollowing and chaos of rural settlements in Shandan County. The spatial distribution of rural settlements in Shandan County is closely related to that of cultivated land and the hydrographic network. Our results might provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable utilization of water and land resources in Shandan County. Ultimately, a balance between population and water and land resources and regional sustainable development can be achieved.
Highlights
Settlement refers to a place where people concentrate and settle down for living and production purpose
Restricted by agricultural production technology, water and land resource endowment as well as rural population in Shandan County are closely related to the formation, scale, structure and change of rural settlements and the exploitation and utilization of water and land resources will be reflected in the settlements in oasis [40]
We proposed a model based on grids for exploring the spatial association between population and land resources and between population and water resources
Summary
Settlement refers to a place where people concentrate and settle down for living and production purpose. Water and land resources are the most basic constituents of oasis and the existence and development of rural settlements are restricted by these two factors, which eventually determine the scale and carrying capacity of rural settlements [39]. Restricted by agricultural production technology, water and land resource endowment as well as rural population in Shandan County are closely related to the formation, scale, structure and change of rural settlements and the exploitation and utilization of water and land resources will be reflected in the settlements in oasis [40]. The structure and form of rural land use have changed greatly, so the relationships between population and water and land resources have changed adaptively, which will affect regional sustainable development. This study is important for deepening and expanding the theory of research on oasis settlements, guiding the construction of new socialist countryside, scientifically planning and building rural settlements and promoting the integrated development of urban and rural oases
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