Micro milling of different workpiece materials with all-ceramic Y-TZP and cemented carbide micro end mills

Abstract

AbstractMicro milling is a very flexible micro cutting process widely deployed to manufacture miniaturized parts. However, size effects occur when downscaling the cutting processes. They lead to higher mechanical loads on the tools and therefore increased tool wear. Micro milling tools are usually made of cemented carbides due to their mechanical strength and fine grain structure. Technical ceramics as alternative tool materials offer very good mechanical properties as well, with grain sizes well below 1 $$\upmu$$ μ m. In conventional machining, they have proven to be able to reduce tool wear. To transfer these wear improvements to the micro scale, we manufactured all-ceramic micro end mills in previous studies ($$\varnothing$$ ∅ 50 and $$\varnothing$$ ∅ 100 $$\upmu$$ μ m). Tools made from zirconia (Y-TZP) showed the sharpest cutting edges, and were the best performing in micro milling trials amongst the substrates tested. However, the advantages of the ceramic substrate could not be utilized for the brass and titanium materials tested in those studies. Therefore, in this study the capabilities of all-ceramic micro end mills ($$\varnothing$$ ∅ 50 $$\upmu$$ μ m) in different workpiece materials (1.4404, 1.7225, 3.1325 and PMMA GS) were researched. For the two steels and the aluminum alloy, the ceramic tools did not offer an improvement over the cemented carbide tools used as reference. For the thermoplastic PMMA however, significant improvements could be achieved by utilizing the Y-TZP ceramic tools: Less tool wear, less and more stable cutting forces, and higher surface qualities.