Abstract
The present work reports on the morphologies and properties of anodized Zr in two different electrolytes. The Zr phosphates (?-ZP) obtained in the inorganic electrolyte containing H3PO4+NaF and zirconia (ZrO2) nanostructures formed in the organic glycerol-based electrolytewere investigated by SEM, FT-IR and AFM. The surface analysis was completed by contact angles measurements. It was found that the type of electrolyte along with the applied voltage influence the structure of the sample and being more precise, the anodic oxidation in H3PO4 electrolyte promotes the evolution of flaky structures and eventually of pores by increasing the applied voltage, while the anodizing performed in glycerol-based electrolyte results in the formation of nanoporous structures that evolve into nanotubes as the applied voltage grows. Based on experimental data a film forming mechanism for ?-ZP and ZrO2 was proposed and correlated to analyzed surface properties.
Highlights
Due to its remarkable physical, chemical and mechanical properties, zirconium (Zr) has been used in various fields including nuclear industry for having low neutron absorption and microelectronic industry for having high dielectric constant.[1,2] Zr is a strong, reactive valve metal that possesses physical and chemical properties similar to titanium (Ti) forming spontaneously a protective oxide film when it comes in contact with air
Outside the sites of former bubbles, a higher concentration of α-ZP ridges was observed. This observed process of bubble forming and braking was not completed during the anodizing time and on the surface are present sites in all development stages
Anodizing in E2 at the same voltage (Fig. 1b) led to the formation on the surface of the samples of an oxide layer with the thickness ranging between 200–400 nm
Summary
Due to its remarkable physical, chemical and mechanical properties, zirconium (Zr) has been used in various fields including nuclear industry for having low neutron absorption and microelectronic industry for having high dielectric constant.[1,2] Zr is a strong, reactive valve metal that possesses physical and chemical properties similar to titanium (Ti) forming spontaneously a protective oxide film when it comes in contact with air. 2019, 66, 686–693 that the way of self-organization of obtained ZrO2 nanotubes appears to be very much alike to that proposed for Ti.[21,22] Zr anodic oxidation via electrochemical anodizing is a facile and inexpensive method for surface modification, providing the opportunity for obtaining a variety of different nanostructures based on the applied conditions (electrolyte, pH, applied voltage, post treatments etc.). A film forming mechanism for α-ZP and ZrO2 was proposed and, as novelty, was direct correlated to analyzed surface properties
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