Micro- and Nano-sensors and Their Potential Applications in Military Adaptive Structures

Abstract

The extensive and rapid developments currently taking place in the areas of micro- electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and nanotechnology are radically changing the field of sensor design and implementation. Ranging all the way from defense, aerospace, automotive, energy, healthcare delivery and medicine to information technology, electronics, chemicals, and manufacturing applications, the small-sized sensors have revolutionized the manner in which newer devices are being configured. This paper presents an overview of the potential of using MEMS and nanotechnology in the development of sensors for adaptive structures used in military applications. It is highly anticipated that the small size and enhanced capabilities of a multitude of microsensors would facilitate efficient acquisition, processing, and utilization of information in real-time that is crucial for smart operation of adaptive structures and military weapon systems. It has long been recognized that sensors play a dominant role in achieving the autonomous and intelligent behavior of systems by enabling them to learn the physical state of the system and the environment and acting accordingly. The paper surveys the field and gives a few examples of typical small-sized sensors currently available commercially, and those that are presently under consideration for potential military adaptive structure applications. Major challenges in this area include developing a basic understanding of modeling, design, and performance prediction of small-scale sensors and the scaling of materials characteristics and structural system performance. Suggestions for future development of micro- and nano-scale sensors for specific use in military adaptive structural systems are also included in the paper.