Abstract
Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymers (commercially available as Pluronics or Poloxamers) can self-assemble into various nanostructures in water and its mixtures with polar organic solvents. Ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) is a well-known protic ionic liquid that is expected to affect amphiphile self-assembly due to its ionic nature and hydrogen bonding ability. By proper design of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments, we determined the enthalpy and other thermodynamic parameters of Pluronic P123 (EO20PO70EO20) micellization in aqueous solution at varied EAN concentration. Addition of EAN promoted micellization in a manner similar to increasing temperature, e.g., the addition of 1.75 M EAN lowered the critical micelle concentration (CMC) to the same extent as a temperature increase from 20 to 24 °C. The presence of EAN disrupts the water solvation around the PEO-PPO-PEO molecules through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding, which dehydrate PEO and promote micellization. At EAN concentrations lower than 1 M, the PEO-PPO-PEO micellization enthalpy and entropy increase with EAN concentration, while both decrease above 1 M EAN. Such a change can be attributed to the formation by EAN of semi-ordered nano-domains with water at higher EAN concentrations. Pyrene fluorescence suggests that the polarity of the mixed solvent decreased linearly with EAN addition, whereas the polarity of the micelle core remained unaltered. This work contributes to assessing intermolecular interactions in ionic liquid + polymer solutions, which are relevant to a number of applications, e.g., drug delivery, membrane separations, polymer electrolytes, biomass processing and nanomaterial synthesis.
Highlights
Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymers are commercially available amphiphiles that have been studied widely and applied in many fields [1,2,3,4,5]
At ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) concentrations lower than 1 M, the PEO-PPO-PEO micellization enthalpy and entropy increase with EAN concentration, while both decrease above 1 M EAN
The micellization of Pluronic P123 has a relatively low critical micelle concentration (CMC) in water (0.313 mM at 20 ◦ C [13]) and is sensitive to the change of conditions such as temperature [13], which makes this a good system to observe the effects of ionic liquid addition
Summary
Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymers are commercially available amphiphiles (known as Pluronics or Poloxamers) that have been studied widely and applied in many fields [1,2,3,4,5]. Their ability to self-assemble in solvents [6,7] and interact with particles and surfaces [8] renders PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers useful amphiphiles for applications ranging from paints and coatings to pharmaceutical formulations [9]. The hydration of the PEO blocks decreases [12], and the segregation between the PEO and PPO blocks increases [10]
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