Abstract
Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) are effective tools for exploring and observing the ocean. Due to the nonnegligible physical restrictions of the underwater acoustic communication, most MAC protocols applied in the existing terrestrial wireless networks become inapplicable. In this paper, we propose a multiple handshaking MAC protocol for UWASNs called multihandshaking MAC (MHM). Using the method of multiple handshaking and competitive mechanism of control packets, our protocol is proposed to make the contending nodes share the underwater acoustic channel much more fairly and more efficiently. The main idea of MHM is to allow multiple nodes to transmit and receive data packets at the same time without packet collisions. We also propose a competitive mechanism of control packets, which can guarantee that there will not be data collisions in the process of multiple packet transmissions. Simulation results show that our protocol can achieve better performance, including throughput, delay, and fairness.
Highlights
The oceans occupy 71% of the earth’s area, far more than the land area
Because of the limited band in underwater acoustic channel, the design of medium access control (MAC) protocol becomes a key technology in Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs)
There are a lot of mature MAC protocols on terrestrial wireless networks, those MAC protocols cannot be directly applied to UWASNs because of the different requirements and limitations
Summary
The oceans occupy 71% of the earth’s area, far more than the land area. The development of the ocean has important significance for the whole human survival and social development. Handshake protocols have the problem of hidden terminal and spatial fairness In such protocols, a node schedules its transmissions according to the control packets it hears. The long slot length requirement and the inefficient handshaking mechanism affect the throughput and end-to-end delay of the UWASNs. the protocol does not solve the fairness problem. In order to overcome the above problems, we propose a new MAC protocol with features of efficiency and fair use of network resources for UWASNs and refer to this MAC protocol as MHM (Multiple Handshaking protocol). In the phase of data transmission, the node can receive multiple data packets; MHM can reduce the time during which the control packets occupy the channel, improve the utilization ratio of the channel, and ensure better fairness.
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