Abstract
Current attempts focus on doubling the stratified effects of the magnetohydrodynamic flow of second grade nanoliquid over an impermeable surface stretching in a non-linear manner. The mathematical formulation is made using the boundary layer concept and assumptions of low magnetic Reynolds number. The non-linear stretching surface with variable thickness generates the flow. Incompressible non-Newtonian liquid is electrically conducted subject to a varying magnetic field. Heat transfer characteristics with heat generation/absorption, Joule heating and variable thermal conductivity effects are addressed. Novel features regarding Brownian motion and thermophoresis are also included. Mathematical representation of the considered aspects results in non-linear ODEs. The non-linear system is then computed and the derived solutions are adequate for convergence. The physical interpretation of quantities of interest are shown by graphical illustrations. The skin friction coefficient is also computed and inspected. Our computed results report that the influence of velocity ratio and Hartmann number result in similar velocity field characteristics. Furthermore, these aspects of nanoparticles, variable thermal conductivity and Hartmann number enhance the temperature distribution.
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