Abstract
The current study uses the multi-physics COMSOL software and the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model with a porosity of ε = 0.4 to conduct a numerical study on heat transfer by Cu-TiO2/EG hybrid nano-fluid inside a porous annulus between a zigzagged triangle and different cylinders and under the influence of an inclined magnetic field. The effect of numerous factors is detailed, including Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 100), volume percent of the nano-fluid (0.02 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.08), and the rotating speed of the cylinder (−4000 ≤ w ≤ 4000). Except for the Hartmann number, which decelerates the flow rate, each of these parameters has a positive impact on the thermal transmission rate.
Highlights
MHD Flow of a Hybrid Nano-FluidConvection has always been the primary focus of research [1] for a variety of heating and cooling engineering systems
This section will provide the numerical results obtained by streamline and isotherm contours, as well as the average Nusselt number for three major parameters: Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106 ), to study the convective heat transfer in the laminar regime and explore its features near the transition mode; Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 100), in order to investigate the relation between magnetic-field strength heat-transfer efficiency; and the volume fraction of the hybrid nano-fluid (0.02 ≤ φ ≤ 0.08), to evaluate the presence of nanoparticle in a porous medium with constant properties: Darcy number, Da = 0.1; porosity, ε=0.4
At Ra = 105 (Figure 4), the average Nu number appears to grow with the volume fraction where natural convection significantly dominates
Summary
MHD Flow of a Hybrid Nano-FluidConvection has always been the primary focus of research [1] for a variety of heating and cooling engineering systems. Heat-transfer fluid has been the subject of significant development. Conventional fluids such as water and ethylene glycol contain dispersed nanoparticles [13] that ensure an enhancement in thermal conductivity [14]. These “nano-fluids” with improved physical properties yield great results, improving heat transfer [15]. Other attempts have been made [16,17,18,19,20] resulting in hybrid nano-fluids with two suspended nanoparticles, supporting the notion of lower costs and greateradvantages; they are regarded as enhancing parameters for heat systems, considering their superior thermal characteristics due to the combination of nanoparticles, when compared to mono nano-fluids and classical fluids [21,22]
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