MHD darcy-forchheimer nanofluid flow and entropy optimization in an odd-shaped enclosure filled with a (MWCNT-Fe3O4/water) using galerkin finite element analysis

Wael Al-Kouz,Wasim Jamshed,Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty,Hazim Moria,Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar,I S Yahia,M Motawi Khashan,Abed Mourad,Abderrahmane Aissa,Aimad Koulali

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02047-y

Abstract

MHD nanoliquid convective flow in an odd-shaped cavity filled with a multi-walled carbon nanotube-iron (II, III) oxide (MWCNT-Fe3O4) hybrid nanofluid is reported. The side walls are adiabatic, and the internal and external borders of the cavity are isothermally kept at high and low temperatures of Th and Tc, respectively. The governing equations obtained with the Boussinesq approximation are solved using Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM). Impact of Darcy number (Da), Hartmann number (Ha), Rayleigh number (Ra), solid volume fraction (ϕ), and Heated-wall length effect are presented. Outputs are illustrated in forms of streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt number. The impact of multiple parameters namely Rayleigh number, Darcy number, on entropy generation rate was analyzed and discussed in post-processing under laminar and turbulent flow regimes.

Highlights

MHD nanoliquid convective flow in an odd-shaped cavity filled with a multi-walled carbon nanotubeiron (II, III) oxide (MWCNT-Fe3O4) hybrid nanofluid is reported
The magnetic field impact was considered with (0 ≤ Hartmann number (Ha) ≤ 100), besides the Darcy number influence was taken into account using (10–5 ≤ Da ≤ 10–2)
We have presented empirical parametric research on natural convection and entropy formation inside a cavity filled with a nanofluid exposed to a magnetic field under the presence of a porous medium

Summary

Introduction

MHD nanoliquid convective flow in an odd-shaped cavity filled with a multi-walled carbon nanotubeiron (II, III) oxide (MWCNT-Fe3O4) hybrid nanofluid is reported. Choi et al.[10] discussed enhancing the performance of a radiator used to cool a 100 kW high power system by employing an EG/water-based A l2O3 nanoliquid they found that the nanofluid enhanced the heat transfer rate inside the radiator by 6.9%. Using the non-equilibrium technique, Shafee et al.[27] scrutinized the impact of a magnetic field on the heat transfer of a nanoliquid within a cavity filled with porous media They found that the Lorentz forces suppressed convective flow. Aminian et al.[29] directed a numerical investigation on MHD forced convective heat transport of a nanofluid flowing through a cylinder saturated with a porous medium They defined a performance evaluation criterion (PEC) to compare the thermal and hydrodynamic performance of the different configurations of the investigated system. The Hartmann and Darcy number have an undeniable positive impact on the enhancement of the PEC and heat transfer rate

Methods

Results

Conclusion