Abstract
In the present exploration, instead of the more customary parabolic Fourier law, we have adopted the hyperbolic Cattaneo–Christov (C–C) heat flux model to jump over the major hurdle of “parabolic energy equation”. The more realistic three-dimensional Carreau fluid flow analysis is conducted in attendance of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity. The other salient impacts affecting the considered model are the homogeneous-heterogeneous (h-h) reactions and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD). The boundary conditions supporting the problem are convective heat and of h-h reactions. The considered boundary layer problem is addressed via similarity transformations to obtain the system of coupled differential equations. The numerical solutions are attained by undertaking the MATLAB built-in function bvp4c. To comprehend the consequences of assorted parameters on involved distributions, different graphs are plotted and are accompanied by requisite discussions in the light of their physical significance. To substantiate the presented results, a comparison to the already conducted problem is also given. It is envisaged that there is a close correlation between the two results. This shows that dependable results are being submitted. It is noticed that h-h reactions depict an opposite behavior versus concentration profile. Moreover, the temperature of the fluid augments for higher values of thermal conductivity parameters.
Highlights
Non-Newtonian fluids have gained substantial attention of researchers and scientists owing to their widespread applications
The present study discusses the 3D Carreau fluid model in attendance of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, C–C heat flux and h-h reactions accompanied by the impact of convective heat with h-h boundary conditions
It is found that shear thickening fluid increases the values of We2, which results in increasing the velocity of fluid and thickness of its related boundary layer
Summary
Non-Newtonian fluids have gained substantial attention of researchers and scientists owing to their widespread applications. Contrary to the Power law model, the viscosity remains finite as the shear rate vanishes This is why the constitutive relation for the Carreau fluid model is more appropriate in case of free surface flows. Ramzan et al [39,40] highlighted the time dependent nanofluid squeezing flow with carbon nanotubes under the influence of h-h reactions and C–C heat flux, and in Micropolar nanofluid flow with thermal radiation past a nonlinear stretched surface and many therein [40,41,42,43,44,45]. The present study discusses the 3D Carreau fluid model in attendance of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, C–C heat flux and h-h reactions accompanied by the impact of convective heat with h-h boundary conditions. Validation of presented results in the limiting case is an additional feature of this exploration
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