Abstract
The present work is focused on behavioral characteristics of gyrotactic microorganisms to describe their role in heat and mass transfer in the presence of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) forces in Powell-Eyring nanofluids. Implications concerning stretching sheet with respect to velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration and motile microorganism density were explored to highlight influential parameters. Aim of utilizing microorganisms was primarily to stabilize the nanoparticle suspension due to bioconvection generated by the combined effects of buoyancy forces and magnetic field. Influence of Newtonian heating was also analyzed by taking into account thermophoretic mechanism and Brownian motion effects to insinuate series solutions mediated by homotopy analysis method (HAM). Mathematical model captured the boundary layer regime that explicitly involved contemporary non linear partial differential equations converted into the ordinary differential equations. To depict nanofluid flow characteristics, pertinent parameters namely bioconvection Lewis number Lb, traditional Lewis number Le, bioconvection Péclet number Pe, buoyancy ratio parameter Nr, bioconvection Rayleigh number Rb, thermophoresis parameter Nt, Hartmann number M, Grashof number Gr, and Eckert number Ec were computed and analyzed. Results revealed evidence of hydromagnetic bioconvection for microorganism which was represented by graphs and tables. Our findings further show a significant effect of Newtonian heating over a stretching plate by examining the coefficient values of skin friction, local Nusselt number and the local density number. Comparison was made between Newtonian fluid and Powell-Eyring fluid on velocity field and temperature field. Results are compared of with contemporary studies and our findings are found in excellent agreement with these studies.
Highlights
Magnetohydrodynamics deals with the fluid’s dynamic activities that if manifests towards different surfaces during flow
Nanoparticles of copper, silver, titanium oxide and aluminum oxide were suspended in water by Ali et al, (2016) who used it as a Brinkman type nanofluid flowing over a vertically located plate embedded in a porous medium to investigate the unsteady MHD flow of the nanofluid
It is evident that velocity profile decreases when bioconvection Rayleigh
Summary
Magnetohydrodynamics deals with the fluid’s dynamic activities that if manifests towards different surfaces during flow. Convective heat and mass transfers in the three dimensional MHD slip flow of water-graphene and water-magnetite nanofluids past a stretching surface of variable thickness under the conditions of thermophoresis and Brownian motion by Babu and Sandeep (2016). Hayat et al, (2017a) examined the MHD flow of an electrically conducting Powell-Eyring nanofluid past a non-linear slendering (possessing variable thickness) stretching sheet, with a magnetic field being applied transverse to the sheet surface. Their findings suggested that greater thickness of the stretching sheet walls resulted in the reduction of velocity distribution, and higher values of thermophoresis enhanced both temperature and concentration profiles
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