Abstract
Abstract In this article, the three-dimensional Magnetohydrodynamics flow of a nanofluid over a horizontal non-linearly stretching sheet in bilateral directions under boundary layer approximation is addressed. A two-phase model has been used for the nanofluid. The influences of thermophoresis, Brownian motion and thermal radiation on heat and mass transfers are considered. Two different cases for the heat and mass transfers are studied. In the first case, uniform wall temperature and zero nanoparticles flux due to thermophoresis are considered. In the second case, prescribed heat and mass fluxes at the boundary are considered. By using the appropriate transformations, a system of non-linear partial differential equations along with the boundary conditions is transformed into coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions of the self-similar equations are obtained using a Runge–Kutta method with a shooting technique. Our results for special cases are compared with the available results in the literature, and the results are found to be in good agreement. It is observed that the pertaining parameters have significant effects on the characteristics of flow, heat and mass transfer. The results are presented and discussed in detail through illustrations.
Highlights
Boundary layer flow over a stretching surface has various trade and technical applications, such as metal and polymer extrusion, paper production, and many others.it has important applications in engineering and manufacturing processes
In 2013, Khan et al analysed the effects of a magnetic field, applied externally on nanofluid flow due to a stretching sheet considering a non-similar solution of the problem
The combined effects of MHD and thermal radiation on three-dimensional non-linear convective Maxwell nanofluid flow owing to a stretching sheet were reported by Hayat et al (2017)
Summary
Boundary layer flow over a stretching surface has various trade and technical applications, such as metal and polymer extrusion, paper production, and many others. In 2013, Khan et al analysed the effects of a magnetic field, applied externally on nanofluid flow due to a stretching sheet considering a non-similar solution of the problem. Khan et al (2014) obtained analytical and numerical solutions for a three-dimensional flow caused by a non-linearly stretching sheet. Khan et al (2015) investigated three-dimensional flow of a nanofluid past a non-linearly stretching sheet and highlighted its applications to the solar energy industry. Considering thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption, Shehzad et al (2016) analysed 3-D MHD flow of a Jeffrey nanofluid over a bidirectional stretching sheet. The combined effects of MHD and thermal radiation on three-dimensional non-linear convective Maxwell nanofluid flow owing to a stretching sheet were reported by Hayat et al (2017). It is observed that the physical parameters affect the heat and mass transport significantly
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