Möglichkeiten der phraseologischen Betrachtung der Einwortidiome aus der Sicht der phraseologischen Kriterien auf der Basis von slowakischen und deutschen Beispielen

Abstract

The article is devoted to the extent to which one-word idioms meet the criteria of phraseology. We focus on German and Slovak expressive idiomatic compounds expressing personal characteristics. We see a problem in the fact that the class of words called one-word idioms consists of heterogeneous groups that differ from one another in certain aspects. On the basis of the number of their components, we distinguish between one-word idioms with one and those with at least two components. In the first case, these are auto-semantic words with a figurative meaning, while in the second case it is a matter of compound words. In German and in Slovak, these are mainly nouns; in Hungarian, in addition to nouns, there are also adjectives and two-component verbs, which can also be written separately. In this case, however, the words have a literal meaning. It is a paradox because the same two-component phrase is written together in the figurative sense, therefore does not meet all the criteria of phraseology and is excluded from phraseology because of its monolexicality. The article is devoted to reflecting on the opinions of linguists concerned with comparing convergent and divergent relationships between the features of one-word idioms and the generally accepted phraseological criteria. We are concerned with the discussion of idiomaticity, as it is generally considered to be the most important criterion in relation to phraseologicity. Since we see the anomaly of one-word idioms mainly in their monolexicality, the following analysis will focus on this property.