Abstract
Aim: Butyric acid, one of major byproducts produced by anaerobic Gram-negative periodontal and root canal micro-organism and is easliy detected in gingival crevicular fluid from human periodontal pockets. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of butyric acid in the cytotoxicity, signaling pathway and cell cycle of the MG-63 osteoblast cell-line. By understanding the role of butyric acid in MG-63 osteoblast cell-line, we can surmise the effect of this toxicant in human alveolar bone and the possible reaction while osteoblasts encounter butyric acid and the possible progression of bone healing. Material and Methods: MG-63 osteoblast cells were treated with butyric acid in different concentration and different stimulation time. The MG-63 cell morphology and cell cycle-related factors were evalutated: Cell morphology was observed under optical microscope and scanning eletron microscope. MTT assay was used to appraise the cell viability. Changes in mRNA expression was determined by reverse- transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein level was evaluated by western blotting. Results: MG-63 cell under the treatment of butyric acid (range: 1mM-16mM) showed no significant change in cell morphology. The cell viability was significantly suppressed in high concentration group(16 mM) of butyric acid. Expression in protein level of Cdc2, Cdc25C and Cyclin-B1 were decreased as the concentration of butyric acid increased. The expression of the mRNA level of Cdc25C and Cyclin-B1 were decreased as the concentration of butyric acid increased. The ROS and the p21 expression of MG-63 cell were elevated in the groups of high concentration of butyric acid. Conclusions: Many factors could affect the progress of cell cycle, one of the important by-products of Gram-negative bacteria- butyric acid may take part in cell cycle, high concentration of butyric acid might hinder the process of the cell cycle, especially in G2-mitosis phase. butyric acid might also elevate the production of ROS, which may affect the cell cycle of MG-63
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