Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have attached more and more attention because of their potential as a new type of biodegradable metal materials. In this work, AZ31/ZrO2 nanocomposites with good uniformity were prepared successfully by friction stir processing (FSP). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize the microstructure of the composites. The mechanical properties, electrochemical corrosion properties and biological properties were evaluated. In addition, the effect of reinforced particles (ZrO2) on the microstructure and properties of the composite was studied comparing with FSP AZ31 Mg alloy. The results show that compared with the base metal (BM), the AZ31/ZrO2 composite material achieves homogenization, densification, and grain refinement after FSP. The combination of dynamic recrystallization and ZrO2 particles leads to grain refinement of Mg alloy, and the average grain size of AZ31/ZrO2 composites is 3.2 μm. After FSP, the c-axis of grain is deflected under the compression stress of shoulder and the shear stress of pin. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) of BM were 283 and 137 MPa, respectively, the UTS and YS of AZ31/ZrO2 composites were 427 and 217 MPa, respectively. The grain refinement and Orowan strengthening are the major strengthening mechanisms. Moreover, the corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid of Mg alloy is improved by grain refinement and the barrier effect of ZrO2.
Highlights
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are considered to have great potential in biomedical application due to the high strength-to-weight ratio, good biocompatibility and promotion of bone cell healing (Staiger et al, 2006; Castellani et al, 2011; Henderson et al, 2014)
The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy and AZ31/ZrO2 nanocomposites are analyzed in detail to clary the influence of friction stir processing (FSP) and ZrO2 particles on the Mg alloy, respectively
It is worth noting that the deflection angle of c-axis of FSP-ZrO2 sample is larger than that of FSP sample, which may be due to the fact that ZrO2 particles increase the friction coefficient of the material during the plastic flow process, causing more grains on the {0001} plane to deflect
Summary
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are considered to have great potential in biomedical application due to the high strength-to-weight ratio, good biocompatibility and promotion of bone cell healing (Staiger et al, 2006; Castellani et al, 2011; Henderson et al, 2014). Navazani and Dehghani (2016) added ZrO2 particles to AZ31 Mg plate through FSP, observed that the particles promote the grain refinement and improve the mechanical properties of composites. The dispersion of ZrO2 particles can increase the accumulated surface potential, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of composites. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy and AZ31/ZrO2 nanocomposites are analyzed in detail to clary the influence of FSP and ZrO2 particles on the Mg alloy, respectively. TEM samples with a dimension of 10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm were cut from stir zone (SZ) in FSP-ZrO2, and ground to a thickness of approximately to 40 μm with sandpaper, and Electrochemical Corrosion Performance. The contour map of the voltage was located at the bottom of the 3D map
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