Abstract
To control the degradation rate of magnesium (Mg) alloys, chitosan (CHI) and L-glutamic acid (LGA) were used as coatings on Mg-Zn-Ca alloys via dip coating. In this study, either two or seven CHI/LGA layers were applied as a coating on Mg-2.8Zn-0.8Ca alloy (ZX31) and Mg-2.8Zn-0.8Ca hemostasis clips (ZX31 clips). The morphologies, compositions, and surface roughness of the specimens were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and surface measurement devices. The degradation rates and behavior of the specimens were evaluated by immersing them in simulated body fluids and by applying these ZX31 clips on rabbits’ uterine tubes for five weeks. The specimen with seven layers (ZX31(CHI/LGA)7) exhibited improved corrosion behavior when compared with ZX31 or ZX31(CHI/LGA)2, with a reduced degradation rate of the Mg alloy in a simulated body environment. In vivo experiments showed that ZX31 clips exhibited good biocompatibilities in each group but could not maintain the clamping function for five weeks. The weight loss of ZX31(CHI/LGA)7 was significantly lower than that of the other groups. Consequently, it was verified that CHI can be used as a protective layer on a magnesium alloy surface via in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Highlights
Laparoscopic surgery (LS) has become a common surgical procedure because of its advantage in reducing the probability of injury, while causing little or no wound complications; Materials 2020, 13, 3039; doi:10.3390/ma13133039 www.mdpi.com/journal/materialsMaterials 2020, 13, 3039 this results in short hospital stays after the surgery [1,2,3]
Protective and biocompatible composite layers of CHI and L-glutamic acid (LGA) were successfully electrodeposited onto an Mg-Zn-Ca surface
ZX31(CHI/LGA)77clips exhibited the lowest degradation rate in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. These coating layers acted as an effective barrier for the Mg substrate against corrosive environments
Summary
Laparoscopic surgery (LS) has become a common surgical procedure because of its advantage in reducing the probability of injury, while causing little or no wound complications; Materials 2020, 13, 3039; doi:10.3390/ma13133039 www.mdpi.com/journal/materialsMaterials 2020, 13, 3039 this results in short hospital stays after the surgery [1,2,3]. The most commonly used materials are titanium (Ti) or titanium alloys (Ti alloys) because of their biocompatibility, high strength, and good corrosion resistance [1,2]. Their use may cause artefacts during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in computed tomography (CT). In addition to patient suffering and the requirement of additional surgery, CM is likely to cause other complications [6]. To overcome these problems, bio-absorbable polymer clips have recently been developed. The application of polymer clips has been limited due to their low strength [1]
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