Abstract
The hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on carbon/carbon (C/C) is reasonable and feasible to obtain bone graft materials with appropriate mechanical and biological properties. However, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of HA-C/C composites to promote bone regeneration and healing remains a challenge. In our present study, the HA coatings on C/C with magnesium (Mg) (Mg-HA-C/C) composites were synthesized that Ca (NO3)2, Mg (NO3)2, and NH4H2PO4 were mixed and coatings were made by electromagnetic induction deposition’s heating. As determined with in vitro experiments, Mg-HA-C/C composites containing 10 and 20% Mg decreased miR-16 levels, increased cell viability, elevated the levels of osteogenesis-related genes, and promoted osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seeded on their surfaces. In a rat model of skull defects, compared to the control group, at 4 and 12 weeks after the operation, the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) of Mg-HA-C/C composite group was increased by 8.439 ± 2.681% and 23.837 ± 7.845%, as well as the trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) was 56.247 ± 24.238 μm and 114.911 ± 34.015 μm more. These composites also increased the levels of ALP and RUNX2 in skull. The Mg-HA-C/C composite-enhanced bone regeneration and healing were blocked by in situ injection of an miR-16 mimic lentivirus vector. Thus, Mg-HA-C/C composites promote osteogenic differentiation and repair bone defects through inhibiting miR-16.
Highlights
MicroRNAs, which are non-coding RNAs, are not translated into proteins
We found that MgCl2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by activating the ERK/MAPK pathway (Qi, et al, 2020)
The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectra of HA-C/C and Mg-HA-C/C composites were derived; the results showed the presence of Mg, Ca, Pt, O, C, and P in the HA phases (Figures 1A,B)
Summary
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are non-coding RNAs, are not translated into proteins. By regulating the TGF-β and BMP signaling pathways of BMSCs, miRNAs guide their development to the osteoblast lineage. These pathways are involved in the process of bone formation and bone healing (Bai et al, 2019). The low expression of miR-16-5p promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs by up-regulation of VEGFA (Yu et al, 2020). We confirmed that Mg ions promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the regulation of miRNA-16 (Qi et al, 2020). Whether Mg containing biomaterials promote bonee formation and healing by mediating miR-16 deserves to be studied
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