Abstract
Glucosinolates accumulate mainly in cruciferous plants and their hydrolysis-derived products play important roles in plant resistance against pathogens. The pathogen Botrytis cinerea has variable sensitivity to glucosinolates, but the mechanisms by which it responds to them are mostly unknown. Exposure of B. cinerea to glucosinolate-breakdown products induces expression of the Major Facilitator Superfamily transporter, mfsG, which functions in fungitoxic compound efflux. Inoculation of B. cinerea on wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plants induces mfsG expression to higher levels than on glucosinolate-deficient A. thaliana mutants. A B. cinerea strain lacking functional mfsG transporter is deficient in efflux ability. It accumulates more isothiocyanates (ITCs) and is therefore more sensitive to this compound in vitro; it is also less virulent to glucosinolates-containing plants. Moreover, mfsG mediates ITC efflux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, thereby conferring tolerance to ITCs in the yeast. These findings suggest that mfsG transporter is a virulence factor that increases tolerance to glucosinolates.
Highlights
Glucosinolates accumulate mainly in cruciferous plants and their hydrolysis-derived products play important roles in plant resistance against pathogens
It is important to note that ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters are not limited to plant pathogens; their active efflux is used by many other organisms as well[20]
To determine the inhibitory effect of the defense-related GS-breakdown products—ITCs—on B. cinerea, radial growth was tested in the presence of different concentrations of propyl ITC (PITC), benzyl ITC (BITC), and 2-phenethyl ITC (PhITC)
Summary
Glucosinolates accumulate mainly in cruciferous plants and their hydrolysis-derived products play important roles in plant resistance against pathogens. Exposure of B. cinerea to glucosinolate-breakdown products induces expression of the Major Facilitator Superfamily transporter, mfsG, which functions in fungitoxic compound efflux. A B. cinerea strain lacking functional mfsG transporter is deficient in efflux ability It accumulates more isothiocyanates (ITCs) and is more sensitive to this compound in vitro; it is less virulent to glucosinolates-containing plants. MfsG mediates ITC efflux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, thereby conferring tolerance to ITCs in the yeast These findings suggest that mfsG transporter is a virulence factor that increases tolerance to glucosinolates. Active efflux by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) or major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters provides resistance to various toxic compounds, including secondary metabolites and antibiotics and fungicides[12,13,14]. The toxicity of isothiocyanates (ITCs) and other GS-hydrolysis products to a range of fungi has been demonstrated, the mechanism of toxicity and the fungi’s ability to tolerate or detoxify GS-hydrolysis products are still largely obscure
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