Abstract
Pregnancy is an important predisposition period to develop anxiety and depression, with adirect impact on thewoman's offspring. Theaim of this study was to report thecorrelation between depression and anxiety in pregnant women and its association with themarital status and age. A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in theoutpatient care of thePsychology Service at the"Mónica Pretelini Sáenz" Maternal Perinatal Hospital (HMPMPS), Toluca, Mexico, from June 2012 to March 2019. As routine, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory-Trait (BAIT), were applied to all women seeking attention at the HMPMPS. Only pregnant patients were selected for this study, with thewomen referred for thefirst time to theexternal Psychology Clinic as inclusion criteria. Pearson's correlation coefficient and thefrequency of cases for age, BDI-II, and BAIT were obtained using theIBM SPSS Statistics ® v.23 software. The study included 2947 pregnant patients with amean age of 28.6±6.9 years. Of these, 2616(88.8%) presented with mild anxiety, 269(9.1%) with moderate, and 62(2.1%) with severe anxiety. On theother hand, 2149(72.9%) patients presented with minimal depression, 341(11.6%) mild depression, 268(9.1%) moderate depression, and 189 (6.4%) had severe depression. Thecorrelations between age and BDI-II was -0.026 (P=0.152), between age and BAI was -0.038 (P=0.037), and between BAIT and BDI-II 0.650 (P≤0.001). Theage group with thehighest frequency of depression and anxiety was from 20 to 29 years. Theabsence of astable partner represented an important risk factor for anxiety and depression during pregnancy.
Highlights
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders worldwide, with a presentation peak in the third decade of life that coincides with the period in which most women become pregnant [1]
Tests and personal information As part of the routine psychology consultation, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II, which has a specificity of 97–100%, [18] and the Beck Anxiety Inventory-Trait (BAIT) test are applied to all women seeking attention at the HMPMPS
Regarding the anxiety classification according to the BAIT, 2616 (88.8%) presented with mild anxiety, 269 (9.1%) with moderate, and 62 (2.1%) with severe anxiety
Summary
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders worldwide, with a presentation peak in the third decade of life that coincides with the period in which most women become pregnant [1]. Evidence shows that depression and anxiety during pregnancy have adverse effects on the foetus, such as intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth, poorer child neurodevelopment, among other complications for the baby [6, 7], as well as preeclampsia, arterial hypertension [8] in the mother. It is recognized as an association between gestational diabetes and postpartum depression [9]. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the frequency of cases for age, BDI-II, and BAIT were obtained using the IBM SPSS Statistics ® v.23 software
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